[PDF] The Physical Theory of Kal?m: Atoms, Space, and Void in Basrian Mu’tazil? Cosmology Alnoor Dhanani

This work reconstructs the theories of matter and space of the “mutakallimun” of the 10th and 11th centuries. It uses texts which have only become available recently. The work presents material which challenges previous understanding of “kalam” atomism. In particular, it analyzes the concept of atoms as a “space-occupying object” without dimension yet having magnitude. It examines the manner of the atom’s occupation of space, and discusses arguments for and against unoccupied spaces or the void. A detailed examination of the paradoxical nature of such an atom follows. The argument is made that a “discrete” rather than a “continuous” conception of space, matter, time, motion and geometry underlies “kalam” physical theory. In this respect, the “kalam” atom is similar to the Epicurean minimal part.